Cablurile torsadate – câte ceva despre categorii, ecranare și utilizare

CAT 6 Cable NETSET U/UTP 6 (indoor) E1608

• Category 6A (class E_A by EN 50173)
Applications requiring frequency band up to 500 MHz. Ideal for multimedia transmissions; U/FTP, F/FTP versions.

CAT 6A U/FTP Shielded Cable NETSET U/FTP 6A (indoor) E1616_500

• Category 7 (class F by EN 50173)
Category 7 cables allow for applications requiring frequency band up to 600 MHz. Compared with the lower categories, each pair of the S/FTP cables is individually screened and all the pairs are wrapped up in another shielding layer. The connectors for the cables are shielded as well.

• Category 7A (class F_A by EN 50173)
Applications requiring frequency band up to 1000 MHz. Allows for data transfer rates up to 100 Gbps over distances up to 15 m or 40 Gbps over distances up to 100 m.

The use of electrical shielding/screening ensures that the signals transmitted via the pairs are less susceptible to ambient interference and, analogically, they create lower levels of external electromagnetic interference. However, the use of shielded cables requires knowledge of the principles of proper shielding and their practical implementation, including equipotential connections and grounding infrastructure in the building(s). The basic principle is to properly ground the screen at both ends of the cables.

Kinds of twisted-pair cables:

• U/UTP – unshielded

1. White-blue/blue pair of wires
2. White-brown/brown pair of wires
3. White-orange/orange pair of wires
4. White-green/green pair of wires
5. Jacket/sheath
6. Rip-cord
7. Core conductor (applies to all wires)

• F/UTP – foil-shielded cable with unshielded twisted pairs

1. White-blue/blue pair of wires
2. White-brown/brown pair of wires
3. White-orange/orange pair of wires
4. White-green/green pair of wires
5. Jacket/sheath
6. Rip-cord
7. Core conductor (applies to all wires)
8. Drain wire
9. Cable shield

• U/FTP – cable with individually foil-shielded twisted pairs

1. White-blue/blue pair of wires
2. White-brown/brown pair of wires
3. White-orange/orange pair of wires
4. White-green/green pair of wires
5. Jacket/sheath
6. Rip-cord
7. Core conductor (applies to all wires)
8. Drain wire
9. Pair shield (applies to all pairs)

• F/FTP – foil-shielded cable with individually foil-shielded twisted pairs

1. White-blue/blue pair of wires
2. White-brown/brown pair of wires
3. White-orange/orange pair of wires
4. White-green/green pair of wires
5. Jacket/sheath
6. Rip-cord
7. Core conductor (applies to all wires)
8. Drain wire
9. Cable shield
10. Pair shield (applies to all pairs)

• SF/FTP – braid-and-foil shielded cable with individually foil-shielded twisted pairs

1. White-blue/blue pair of wires
2. White-brown/brown pair of wires
3. White-orange/orange pair of wires
4. White-green/green pair of wires
5. Jacket/sheath
6. Rip-cord
7. Core conductor (applies to all wires)
8. Drain wire
9. Foil cable shield
10. Pair shield (applies to all pairs)
11. Braid screen

• S/FTP – braid-and-foil shielded cable with individually foil-shielded twisted pairs

1. White-blue/blue pair of wires
2. White-brown/brown pair of wires
3. White-orange/orange pair of wires
4. White-green/green pair of wires
5. Jacket/sheath
6. Rip-cord
7. Core conductor (applies to all wires)
8. Drain wire
10. Pair shield (applies to all pairs)
11. Braid screen

• SF/UTP – braid-and-foil shielded cable with unshielded twisted pairs

1. White-blue/blue pair of wires
2. White-brown/brown pair of wires
3. White-orange/orange pair of wires
4. White-green/green pair of wires
5. Jacket/sheath
6. Rip-cord
7. Core conductor (applies to all wires)
8. Drain wire
9. Foil cable shield
11. Braid screen

There are two distinct groups of cables, for outdoor and indoor applications.

• Outdoor
The most important feature of outdoor cables is their resistance to difficult and changeable environment conditions. The main influence ion this feature has the kind and quality of the material used for the jacket. There are available cables with PVC and polyethylene (PE) jacket. PE is harder than PVC, has a higher mechanical strength and chemical resistance, and makes a better barrier against gases.

• Indoor
When using cables inside buildings, a special attention should be paid to the requirements concerning reaction of the wiring to fire. Dedicatedl types of insulation, for example LSOH or LSZH (Low Smoke Zero Halogen) polymers, are safe when exposed to fire. In comparison with PVC, PE does not produce harmful and toxic substances (halogens), and also does not generate such large amounts of smoke. The use of cables in LSZH coatings is very often a requirement of fire regulations in large buildings.

The EIA/TIA standard defines several groups of twisted-par cables taking into account their suitability for transmission of information (categories). Most new cable installations are based on CAT 5e cabling. The information on electrical / transmission parameters of the categories determines their maximum data transfer rates.

• Category 3 (class C by EN 50173)
• 4 Mb/s – (10BaseT, RS 232)

• Category 5 (class D by EN 50173)
• 1 Gb/s – (1000BaseT, ATM 155)

• Category 6 (class E by EN 50173)
• 1 Gb/s – (1000BaseT)
• 10 Gb/s – (10GBASE-T up to 55m)

• Category 6A (class E_A by EN 50173)
• 10 Gb/s – (10GBASE-T)

Until now, the conductors and cables were treated exclusively as electrical products subject to product safety regulations under the Low Voltage Directive (LVD) and were subject to CE marking by the manufacturer. The new rules established by EN50575 impose on the manufacturers (also importers and distributors) the obligation to commission relevant tests to notified certification bodies/laboratories in order to obtain certificates confirming the fire resistance classes of their products and to issue Declarations of Performance (DoP) with the relevant Euroclasses. The Euroclass of a construction product (including power, control and communication cables) allows for its classification in terms of reaction to fire according to the same rules and criteria across Europe. The markings of the fire classification can already be found on the labels of many construction products and will soon be required for all such products. More info here.

Euroclass	Test methods	Additional classification	Examples of products
Aca	EN ISO 1716	–	halogen-free cables
B1ca	EN 50399 EN 60332-1-2	smoke production (s1, s2), flaming droplets/particles (d1,d2)   and acidity (a1)	halogen-free cables
B2ca	EN 50399 EN 60332-1-2		hard PVC and halogen-free cables
Cca	EN 50399 EN 60332-1-2		halogen-free cables
Dca	EN 50399 EN 60332-1-2		high-quality PVC cables
Eca	EN 60332-1-2	no performance determined (NPD)	PVC cables
Fca	Not fulfilling requirements for Eca	no performance determined (NPD)	PE and PVC cables

Code	Name	DoP PL	DoP EN	Category	Reaction to fire
E1408	NETSET U/UTP			5e	Eca
E1410	NETSET U/UTP PE+ żel			5e	Fca
E1412	NETSET U/UTP PE			5e	Fca
E1515	NETSET F/UTP			5e	Eca
E1517	NETSET F/UTP PE			5e	Fca
E1608	NETSET U/UTP			6	Eca
E1616	NETSET U/FTP			6A	Eca